The state of the polar oceans 2018: making sense of our changing world

Over decades studies have shed new light on the
consequences of the shrinking sea ice for ocean
circulation, climate and the ecosystem. Surveys
of the deep ocean have yielded vital discoveries
about marine biodiversity and informed an
international census of marine life. Long-term studies
have helped understand the marine food chain,
and have provided critical scientifi c information to
underpin the sustainable management of fi sheries.
The report demonstrates that we are advancing our
understanding. There remains, however, an urgent
need for further investigations if we are to be, as we
absolutely must, able to provide the understanding
needed to help people live with, and adapt to,
environmental change.