TY - JOUR
T1 - The Gonyaulax spinifera (Dinophyceae) "complex"
T2 - Perpetuating the paradox?
AU - Rochon, André
AU - Lewis, Jane
AU - Ellegaard, Marianne
AU - Harding, Ian C.
N1 - Funding Information:
We wish to thank Alex Simpson (Orkney Harbour Authority) for collecting the surface sediment samples. We are grateful to Fabienne Marret for providing the slide from core MD99-2271. This work was funded by NERC Grant No. GR3/10803 awarded to J. Lewis and Ian Harding. The authors wish to thank Cecile Devigne, Karine Lemarchand, Suzanne Roy (ISMER-UQAR), Laurent Londeix (University of Bordeaux I) and Marc Shulman (University of Toronto) for valuable discussions during the preparation of the manuscript, Dr. Barbara Cressey for help with the SEM and Mr. Barry Marsh for assistance with production of SEM micrographs. We acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for their thorough review, which helped improve the manuscript.
PY - 2009/5/1
Y1 - 2009/5/1
N2 - Specimens of dinoflagellate cysts referable to the cyst-species Spiniferites ramosus (Ehrenberg 1838) Mantell 1854 and Nematosphaeropsis labyrinthus (Ostenfeld 1903) Reid 1974 have been produced in the same crossed-strain of Gonyaulax spinifera-type (Claparède and Lachmann 1857) Diesing 1866 motile cells during a routine encystment experiment. Detailed observations were made and are reported on the process of encystment, which follows a similar pattern to that already described for Lingulodinium polyedrum. Both cyst types displayed a wide range of morphological variations with respect to process length and/or trabecular development. The cysts morphology vary between "typical" S. ramosus specimens with well developed trifurcate processes with bifurcated distal ends, to specimens with abnormally developed or incomplete processes, specimens with partially developed trabecular network, to typical N. labyrinthus specimens with a complete network of trabecula joining the distal ends of the processes. The cysts were produced in salinities of 25 and 30 psu at 12 °C. Experiments in other salinities (15, 20, 35 and 40 psu) only produced cysts of S. ramosus-type. We suggest that the particular salinity conditions (25 and 30 psu) used in our experience probably triggered the expression of a particular phenotype.
AB - Specimens of dinoflagellate cysts referable to the cyst-species Spiniferites ramosus (Ehrenberg 1838) Mantell 1854 and Nematosphaeropsis labyrinthus (Ostenfeld 1903) Reid 1974 have been produced in the same crossed-strain of Gonyaulax spinifera-type (Claparède and Lachmann 1857) Diesing 1866 motile cells during a routine encystment experiment. Detailed observations were made and are reported on the process of encystment, which follows a similar pattern to that already described for Lingulodinium polyedrum. Both cyst types displayed a wide range of morphological variations with respect to process length and/or trabecular development. The cysts morphology vary between "typical" S. ramosus specimens with well developed trifurcate processes with bifurcated distal ends, to specimens with abnormally developed or incomplete processes, specimens with partially developed trabecular network, to typical N. labyrinthus specimens with a complete network of trabecula joining the distal ends of the processes. The cysts were produced in salinities of 25 and 30 psu at 12 °C. Experiments in other salinities (15, 20, 35 and 40 psu) only produced cysts of S. ramosus-type. We suggest that the particular salinity conditions (25 and 30 psu) used in our experience probably triggered the expression of a particular phenotype.
KW - culture
KW - cyst
KW - cyst-theca relationship
KW - dinoflagellate
KW - excystment
KW - gene expression
KW - Gonyaulax spinifera
KW - motile
KW - Nematosphaeropsis labyrinthus
KW - Spiniferites ramosus
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/64149087704
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/64149087704#tab=citedBy
U2 - 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2008.12.017
DO - 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2008.12.017
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:64149087704
SN - 0034-6667
VL - 155
SP - 52
EP - 60
JO - Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
JF - Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
IS - 1-2
ER -