The evaluation of novel nanoporous materials for use in interventional cardiology

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a crucial factor in various biological processes, including vasodilation and platelet aggregation prevention. Existing procedures for coronary interventions carry the potential for radial artery spasm, resulting in patient discomfort and frequently resulting in procedural complications at an early stage. This thesis investigates the utilisation of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as an innovative approach for storing and delivering NO in a biologically relevant and targeted manner, presenting a potential strategy to mitigate the occurrence of radial artery spasm. MOFs are porous structures with diverse compositions, making them suitable for gas adsorption and release. The study investigates the cytotoxicity of polymer materials incorporating either Ni or Zn CPO-27 MOFs and NO, finding enhanced cytocompatibility with MOF-incorporated materials. The influence of MOF weight percentage and NO on cell viability, aging effects, and exposure duration on cytotoxicity are examined, emphasising the importance of MOF design. Additionally, various materials (films, rods, tubes) display distinct cytotoxicity trends, highlighting the role of polymer type and structure. Notably, low weight percentage (wt%) of Zn-based CPO-27 MOFs incorporated into various polymers shows promising cytocompatibility. The complexity of NO release is analysed, considering factors such as metal ion type, MOF wt%, polymer matrix, and test medium. The study suggests that Zn-based MOFs in PEBAX matrices may offer controlled and longer NO generation. Variability in artery function and the impact of materials on contractile and endothelial function are explored, revealing promising effects, particularly with PEBAX 5533 tubing and 5 wt% Zn CPO-27 MOF. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the potential of NO-loaded Zn MOF PEBAX 5533 materials in inhibiting platelet aggregation across varying incubation intervals.
The unique feature of direct NO release from MOFs holds promise for antithrombotic interventions. This research provides valuable insights into the potential of NO-releasing MOF/polymer materials for use in medical devices. The material 5 wt% Zn CPO-27 MOF incorporated in the PEBAX 5533 polymer is identified as a potential lead for radial artery access. Overall, this study underscores the potential utilisation of NO-loaded MOF materials in coronary interventions due to their ability to induce vasodilation and inhibit platelet aggregation in a non-cytotoxic manner.

Date of Award	14 Aug 2024
Original language	English
Awarding Institution	University of the Highlands and Islands
Supervisor	Ian Megson (Supervisor)