@article{4b7116b594e54b48b705961078d914a2,
title = "The Statistical Morphology of Saturn{\textquoteright}s Equatorial Energetic Neutral Atom Emission",
abstract = "Saturn{\textquoteright}s magnetosphere is an efficient emitter of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs), created through charge exchange of energetic ions with the extended neutral cloud originating from the icy moon Enceladus. We present an analysis using the complete image set captured by Cassini{\textquoteright}s Ion Neutral Camera to characterize Saturn{\textquoteright}s average ENA morphology. Concentric tori are formed around the planet by oxygen and hydrogen ENAs, with intensity peaks between 7 and 10 RS radial distance, with a ∼1–2 RS dayside offset. Nightside intensity is brighter than the dayside, likely the result of enhancements following large-scale plasma injections from the magnetotail, and influence of the noon-midnight electric field. Global intensity is clearly modulated with the near-planetary rotation period. This Cassini-era profile of Saturn{\textquoteright}s ENA emission advances our understanding of how volcanic moons can influence plasma dynamics in giant magnetospheres and is timely ahead of the planned JUICE mission, which carries the first dedicated ENA detector to Jupiter.",
keywords = "Cassini INCA, energetic neutral atoms, Saturn{\textquoteright}s magnetosphere",
author = "J. Kinrade and A. Bader and Badman, {S. V.} and C. Paranicas and Mitchell, {D. G.} and D. Constable and Arridge, {C. S.} and Cowley, {S. W.H.} and G. Provan",
note = "Funding Information: Cassini operations are supported by NASA (managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory) and the European Space Agency (ESA). The authors extend their thanks to all members of the Cassini MIMI team for their hard work. J. Kinrade, S. V. Badman, and D. Constable were supported by STFC grant ST/R000816/1. S. V. Badman was also supported by an STFC Ernest Rutherford Fellowship ST/M005534/1. A. Bader was funded by a Lancaster University FST studentship. C. Paranicas would like to acknowledge grants 80NSSC19K0886 and NNX16AI46G between NASA and the Johns Hopkins University. C. S. Arridge was supported by a Royal Society Research Fellowship (UF110442) and STFC grant ST/R000816/1. Work at Leicester by SWHC and GP was supported by STFC Consolidated Grant ST/N000749/1. Computations for this study were performed using the High End Computing facility at Lancaster University. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021. The Authors.",
year = "2021",
month = jun,
day = "16",
doi = "10.1029/2020GL091595",
language = "English",
volume = "48",
journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
issn = "0094-8276",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "11",
}
