The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP)

Paula J Reimer; William E N Austin; Edouard Bard; Alex Bayliss; Paul G Blackwell; Christopher Bronk Ramsey; Martin Butzin; Hai Cheng; R Lawrence Edwards; Michael Friedrich; Pieter M Grootes; Thomas P Guilderson; Irka Hajdas; Timothy J Heaton; Alan G Hogg; Konrad A Hughen; Bernd Kromer; Sturt W Manning; Raimund Muscheler; Jonathan G Palmer; Charlotte Pearson; Johannes Van Der Plicht; Ron W Reimer; David A Richards; E Marian Scott; John R Southon; Christian S M Turney; Lukas Wacker; Florian Adolphi; Ulf Büntgen; Manuela Capano; Simon M Fahrni; Alexandra Fogtmann-schulz; Ronny Friedrich; Peter Köhler; Sabrina Kudsk; Fusa Miyake; Jesper Olsen; Frederick Reinig; Minoru Sakamoto; Adam Sookdeo; Sahra Talamo

doi:10.1017/RDC.2020.41

The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP)

Paula J Reimer, William E N Austin, Edouard Bard, Alex Bayliss, Paul G Blackwell, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Martin Butzin, Hai Cheng, R Lawrence Edwards, Michael Friedrich, Pieter M Grootes, Thomas P Guilderson, Irka Hajdas, Timothy J Heaton, Alan G Hogg, Konrad A Hughen, Bernd Kromer, Sturt W Manning, Raimund Muscheler, Jonathan G PalmerCharlotte Pearson, Johannes Van Der Plicht, Ron W Reimer, David A Richards, E Marian Scott, John R Southon, Christian S M Turney, Lukas Wacker, Florian Adolphi, Ulf Büntgen, Manuela Capano, Simon M Fahrni, Alexandra Fogtmann-schulz, Ronny Friedrich, Peter Köhler, Sabrina Kudsk, Fusa Miyake, Jesper Olsen, Frederick Reinig, Minoru Sakamoto, Adam Sookdeo, Sahra Talamo

SAMS UHI

Research output: Contribution to conference › Paper › peer-review

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Abstract

Radiocarbon (14C) ages cannot provide absolutely dated chronologies for archaeological or paleoenvironmental studies directly but must be converted to calendar age equivalents using a calibration curve compensating for fluctuations in atmospheric 14C concentration. Although calibration curves are constructed from independently dated archives, they invariably require revision as new data become available and our understanding of the Earth system improves. In this volume the international 14C calibration curves for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, as well as for the ocean surface layer, have been updated to include a wealth of new data and extended to 55,000 cal BP. Based on tree rings, IntCal20 now extends as a fully atmospheric record to ca. 13,900 cal BP. For the older part of the timescale, IntCal20 comprises statistically integrated evidence from floating tree-ring chronologies, lacustrine and marine sediments, speleothems, and corals. We utilized improved evaluation of the timescales and location variable 14C offsets from the atmosphere (reservoir age, dead carbon fraction) for each dataset. New statistical methods have refined the structure of the calibration curves while maintaining a robust treatment of uncertainties in the 14C ages, the calendar ages and other corrections. The inclusion of modeled marine reservoir ages derived from a three-dimensional ocean circulation model has allowed us to apply more appropriate reservoir corrections to the marine 14C data rather than the previous use of constant regional offsets from the atmosphere. Here we provide an overview of the new and revised datasets and the associated methods used for the construction of the IntCal20 curve and explore potential regional offsets for tree-ring data. We discuss the main differences with respect to the previous calibration curve, IntCal13, and some of the implications for archaeology and geosciences ranging from the recent past to the time of the extinction of the Neanderthals

Original language	English
Pages	725-757
Number of pages	33
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2020.41
Publication status	Published - 12 Aug 2020

Keywords

calibration curve
radiocarbon
IntCal20

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the-intcal20-northern-hemisphere-radiocarbon-age-calibration-curve-055-cal-kbp (1)Final published version, 1.54 MBLicence: CC BY

https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033822220000417/type/journal_article

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Reimer, P. J., Austin, W. E. N., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Blackwell, P. G., Bronk Ramsey, C., Butzin, M., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., Grootes, P. M., Guilderson, T. P., Hajdas, I., Heaton, T. J., Hogg, A. G., Hughen, K. A., Kromer, B., Manning, S. W., Muscheler, R., ... Talamo, S. (2020). The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP). 725-757. https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2020.41

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title = "The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP)",

abstract = "Radiocarbon (14C) ages cannot provide absolutely dated chronologies for archaeological or paleoenvironmental studies directly but must be converted to calendar age equivalents using a calibration curve compensating for fluctuations in atmospheric 14C concentration. Although calibration curves are constructed from independently dated archives, they invariably require revision as new data become available and our understanding of the Earth system improves. In this volume the international 14C calibration curves for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, as well as for the ocean surface layer, have been updated to include a wealth of new data and extended to 55,000 cal BP. Based on tree rings, IntCal20 now extends as a fully atmospheric record to ca. 13,900 cal BP. For the older part of the timescale, IntCal20 comprises statistically integrated evidence from floating tree-ring chronologies, lacustrine and marine sediments, speleothems, and corals. We utilized improved evaluation of the timescales and location variable 14C offsets from the atmosphere (reservoir age, dead carbon fraction) for each dataset. New statistical methods have refined the structure of the calibration curves while maintaining a robust treatment of uncertainties in the 14C ages, the calendar ages and other corrections. The inclusion of modeled marine reservoir ages derived from a three-dimensional ocean circulation model has allowed us to apply more appropriate reservoir corrections to the marine 14C data rather than the previous use of constant regional offsets from the atmosphere. Here we provide an overview of the new and revised datasets and the associated methods used for the construction of the IntCal20 curve and explore potential regional offsets for tree-ring data. We discuss the main differences with respect to the previous calibration curve, IntCal13, and some of the implications for archaeology and geosciences ranging from the recent past to the time of the extinction of the Neanderthals",

keywords = "calibration curve, radiocarbon, IntCal20",

author = "Reimer, {Paula J} and Austin, {William E N} and Edouard Bard and Alex Bayliss and Blackwell, {Paul G} and {Bronk Ramsey}, Christopher and Martin Butzin and Hai Cheng and Edwards, {R Lawrence} and Michael Friedrich and Grootes, {Pieter M} and Guilderson, {Thomas P} and Irka Hajdas and Heaton, {Timothy J} and Hogg, {Alan G} and Hughen, {Konrad A} and Bernd Kromer and Manning, {Sturt W} and Raimund Muscheler and Palmer, {Jonathan G} and Charlotte Pearson and {Van Der Plicht}, Johannes and Reimer, {Ron W} and Richards, {David A} and Scott, {E Marian} and Southon, {John R} and Turney, {Christian S M} and Lukas Wacker and Florian Adolphi and Ulf B{\"u}ntgen and Manuela Capano and Fahrni, {Simon M} and Alexandra Fogtmann-schulz and Ronny Friedrich and Peter K{\"o}hler and Sabrina Kudsk and Fusa Miyake and Jesper Olsen and Frederick Reinig and Minoru Sakamoto and Adam Sookdeo and Sahra Talamo",

note = "{\textcopyright} 2020 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.",

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Reimer, PJ, Austin, WEN, Bard, E, Bayliss, A, Blackwell, PG, Bronk Ramsey, C, Butzin, M, Cheng, H, Edwards, RL, Friedrich, M, Grootes, PM, Guilderson, TP, Hajdas, I, Heaton, TJ, Hogg, AG, Hughen, KA, Kromer, B, Manning, SW, Muscheler, R, Palmer, JG, Pearson, C, Van Der Plicht, J, Reimer, RW, Richards, DA, Scott, EM, Southon, JR, Turney, CSM, Wacker, L, Adolphi, F, Büntgen, U, Capano, M, Fahrni, SM, Fogtmann-schulz, A, Friedrich, R, Köhler, P, Kudsk, S, Miyake, F, Olsen, J, Reinig, F, Sakamoto, M, Sookdeo, A & Talamo, S 2020, 'The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP)', pp. 725-757. https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2020.41

TY - CONF

T1 - The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP)

AU - Reimer, Paula J

AU - Austin, William E N

AU - Bard, Edouard

AU - Bayliss, Alex

AU - Blackwell, Paul G

AU - Bronk Ramsey, Christopher

AU - Butzin, Martin

AU - Cheng, Hai

AU - Edwards, R Lawrence

AU - Friedrich, Michael

AU - Grootes, Pieter M

AU - Guilderson, Thomas P

AU - Hajdas, Irka

AU - Heaton, Timothy J

AU - Hogg, Alan G

AU - Hughen, Konrad A

AU - Kromer, Bernd

AU - Manning, Sturt W

AU - Muscheler, Raimund

AU - Palmer, Jonathan G

AU - Pearson, Charlotte

AU - Van Der Plicht, Johannes

AU - Reimer, Ron W

AU - Richards, David A

AU - Scott, E Marian

AU - Southon, John R

AU - Turney, Christian S M

AU - Wacker, Lukas

AU - Adolphi, Florian

AU - Büntgen, Ulf

AU - Capano, Manuela

AU - Fahrni, Simon M

AU - Fogtmann-schulz, Alexandra

AU - Friedrich, Ronny

AU - Köhler, Peter

AU - Kudsk, Sabrina

AU - Miyake, Fusa

AU - Olsen, Jesper

AU - Reinig, Frederick

AU - Sakamoto, Minoru

AU - Sookdeo, Adam

AU - Talamo, Sahra

N1 - © 2020 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PY - 2020/8/12

Y1 - 2020/8/12

N2 - Radiocarbon (14C) ages cannot provide absolutely dated chronologies for archaeological or paleoenvironmental studies directly but must be converted to calendar age equivalents using a calibration curve compensating for fluctuations in atmospheric 14C concentration. Although calibration curves are constructed from independently dated archives, they invariably require revision as new data become available and our understanding of the Earth system improves. In this volume the international 14C calibration curves for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, as well as for the ocean surface layer, have been updated to include a wealth of new data and extended to 55,000 cal BP. Based on tree rings, IntCal20 now extends as a fully atmospheric record to ca. 13,900 cal BP. For the older part of the timescale, IntCal20 comprises statistically integrated evidence from floating tree-ring chronologies, lacustrine and marine sediments, speleothems, and corals. We utilized improved evaluation of the timescales and location variable 14C offsets from the atmosphere (reservoir age, dead carbon fraction) for each dataset. New statistical methods have refined the structure of the calibration curves while maintaining a robust treatment of uncertainties in the 14C ages, the calendar ages and other corrections. The inclusion of modeled marine reservoir ages derived from a three-dimensional ocean circulation model has allowed us to apply more appropriate reservoir corrections to the marine 14C data rather than the previous use of constant regional offsets from the atmosphere. Here we provide an overview of the new and revised datasets and the associated methods used for the construction of the IntCal20 curve and explore potential regional offsets for tree-ring data. We discuss the main differences with respect to the previous calibration curve, IntCal13, and some of the implications for archaeology and geosciences ranging from the recent past to the time of the extinction of the Neanderthals

AB - Radiocarbon (14C) ages cannot provide absolutely dated chronologies for archaeological or paleoenvironmental studies directly but must be converted to calendar age equivalents using a calibration curve compensating for fluctuations in atmospheric 14C concentration. Although calibration curves are constructed from independently dated archives, they invariably require revision as new data become available and our understanding of the Earth system improves. In this volume the international 14C calibration curves for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, as well as for the ocean surface layer, have been updated to include a wealth of new data and extended to 55,000 cal BP. Based on tree rings, IntCal20 now extends as a fully atmospheric record to ca. 13,900 cal BP. For the older part of the timescale, IntCal20 comprises statistically integrated evidence from floating tree-ring chronologies, lacustrine and marine sediments, speleothems, and corals. We utilized improved evaluation of the timescales and location variable 14C offsets from the atmosphere (reservoir age, dead carbon fraction) for each dataset. New statistical methods have refined the structure of the calibration curves while maintaining a robust treatment of uncertainties in the 14C ages, the calendar ages and other corrections. The inclusion of modeled marine reservoir ages derived from a three-dimensional ocean circulation model has allowed us to apply more appropriate reservoir corrections to the marine 14C data rather than the previous use of constant regional offsets from the atmosphere. Here we provide an overview of the new and revised datasets and the associated methods used for the construction of the IntCal20 curve and explore potential regional offsets for tree-ring data. We discuss the main differences with respect to the previous calibration curve, IntCal13, and some of the implications for archaeology and geosciences ranging from the recent past to the time of the extinction of the Neanderthals

KW - calibration curve

KW - radiocarbon

KW - IntCal20

U2 - 10.1017/RDC.2020.41

DO - 10.1017/RDC.2020.41

M3 - Paper

SP - 725

EP - 757

ER -

The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP)

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