TY - JOUR
T1 - Scientific considerations for the assessment and management of mine tailing disposal in the deep sea
AU - Vare, Lindsay
AU - Baker, Maria
AU - Howe, John
AU - Levin, Lisa
AU - Neira, Carlos
AU - Ramirez-Llodra, Eva
AU - Reichelt-Brushett, Amanda
AU - Rowden, Ashley
AU - Shimmield, Tracy
AU - Simpson, Stuart L.
AU - Soto, Eulogio H.
N1 - © 2018 Vare, Baker, Howe, Levin, Neira, Ramirez-Llodra, Reichelt-Brushett, Rowden, Shimmield, Simpson and Soto. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).
PY - 2018/2/5
Y1 - 2018/2/5
N2 - Deep-sea tailing disposal (DSTD) and its shallow water counterpart, submarine tailings disposal (STD), are practiced in many areas of the world, whereby mining industries discharge processed mud- and rock waste slurries (tailings) directly into the marine environment. Pipeline discharges and other land-based sources of marine pollution fall beyond the regulatory scope of the London Convention and the London Protocols (LC/LP). However, guidelines have been developed (Papua New Guinea) to improve tailing waste management frameworks in which mining companies can operate. DSTD can impact ocean ecosystems in addition to other sources of stress, such as from fishing, pollution, energy extraction, tourism, eutrophication, climate change and, potentially in the future, from deep-seabed mining. Environmental management of DSTD may be most effective when placed in a broader context, drawing expertise, data and lessons from multiple sectors (academia, government, society, industry and regulators) and engaging with international deep-ocean observing programs, databases and stewardship consortia. Here, the challenges associated with DSTD are identified, along with possible solutions, based on the results of a number of robust scientific studies. Also highlighted are the key issues, trends of improved practice and techniques that could be used if considering DSTD and research needed to address current knowledge gaps are documented.
AB - Deep-sea tailing disposal (DSTD) and its shallow water counterpart, submarine tailings disposal (STD), are practiced in many areas of the world, whereby mining industries discharge processed mud- and rock waste slurries (tailings) directly into the marine environment. Pipeline discharges and other land-based sources of marine pollution fall beyond the regulatory scope of the London Convention and the London Protocols (LC/LP). However, guidelines have been developed (Papua New Guinea) to improve tailing waste management frameworks in which mining companies can operate. DSTD can impact ocean ecosystems in addition to other sources of stress, such as from fishing, pollution, energy extraction, tourism, eutrophication, climate change and, potentially in the future, from deep-seabed mining. Environmental management of DSTD may be most effective when placed in a broader context, drawing expertise, data and lessons from multiple sectors (academia, government, society, industry and regulators) and engaging with international deep-ocean observing programs, databases and stewardship consortia. Here, the challenges associated with DSTD are identified, along with possible solutions, based on the results of a number of robust scientific studies. Also highlighted are the key issues, trends of improved practice and techniques that could be used if considering DSTD and research needed to address current knowledge gaps are documented.
U2 - 10.3389/fmars.2018.00017
DO - 10.3389/fmars.2018.00017
M3 - Review article
SN - 2296-7745
SP - 2
EP - 33
JO - Frontiers in Marine Science
JF - Frontiers in Marine Science
ER -