Most useful labor in time of peace: Early Crofting Schemes in the Annexed Estates, 1763–1784

This article focuses on the introduction of crofting tenure in the Annexed Estates (1752–1784). In 1763, the Board of Commissioners in charge of managing the estates on behalf of the British Crown launched its most ambitious ‘improvement’ scheme. Parcels of three acres, usually detached from principal farms, were turned into new settlements for disbanded soldiers and sailors from the Seven Years War. The scheme, this article argues, was one of the earliest crofting schemes ever implemented in the Scottish Highlands. The plan hoped to put the Highlands’ natural and human resources to the service of the state by ensuring that the Crown could tap into a future recruiting pool and that the Board would benefit from a cheap workforce to reclaim unproductive grounds and develop the linen manufacture in the estates. The settlements were also a way to solve ‘improvement’s contradictions via spatial planning by preventing depopulation caused by the creation of contiguous farmsteads. The failure of the experiment ultimately highlighted the entrenched contractions of ‘improvement’ ideology and led to the emergence of an alternative geography of ‘improvement’ by the turn of the century.