@article{60cc6d3e4c5844398c404096c256cd85,
title = "Important marine areas for the conservation of northern rockhopper penguins within the Tristan da Cunha Exclusive Economic Zone",
abstract = "The designation of Marine Protected Areas has become an important approach to conserving marine ecosystems that relies on robust information on the spatial distribution of biodiversity. We used GPS tracking data to identify marine Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) for the Endangered northern rockhopper penguin Eudyptes moseleyi within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Tristan da Cunha in the South Atlantic. Penguins were tracked through-out their breeding season from 3 of the 4 main islands in the Tristan da Cunha group. Foraging trips remained largely within the EEZ, with the exception of those from Gough Island during the incubation stage. We found substantial variability in trip duration and foraging range among breeding stages and islands, consistent use of areas among years and spatial segregation of the areas used by neighbouring islands. For colonies with no or insufficient tracking data, we defined marine IBAs based on the mean maximum foraging range and merged the areas identified to pro-pose IBAs around the Tristan da Cunha archipelago and Gough Island. The 2 proposed marine IBAs encompass 2% of Tristan da Cunha's EEZ, and are used by all northern rockhopper penguins breeding in the Tristan da Cunha group, representing ~90% of the global population. Currently, one of the main threats to northern rockhopper penguins within the Tristan da Cunha EEZ is marine pollution from shipping, and the risk of this would be reduced by declaring waters within 50 nautical miles of the coast as {\textquoteleft}areas to be avoided{\textquoteright}.",
keywords = "Eudyptes, Important Bird and Biodiversity Area, Marine protected area, Penguin, Seabird, Tracking",
author = "Antje Steinfurth and Steffen Oppel and Dias, {Maria P.} and Thomas Starnes and Pearmain, {Elizabeth J.} and Dilley, {Ben J.} and Delia Davies and Mara Nydegger and Chris Bell and Bouard, {Fabrice Le} and Bond, {Alexander L.} and Cuthbert, {Richard J.} and Trevor Glass and Makhado, {Azwianewi B.} and Crawford, {Robert J.M.} and Ryan, {Peter G.} and Wanless, {Ross M.} and Norman Ratcliffe",
note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements. The Tristan Conservation Department (TCD) granted permission to carry out the work and provided essential assistance in the field. This study was funded by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, UK, the South African National Research Foundation, the Tristan da Cunha Government, BirdLife South Africa, Darwin Plus Overseas Territories Environment and Climate Fund (grant DPLUS 053), the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation, the FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, the South African Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries and the BAS/NERC Official Development Assistance Atlantic Islands Project (grant NE/ R000107/1). We are grateful to the crews on the SA {\textquoteleft}Agulhas II{\textquoteright}, MFV {\textquoteleft}Baltic Trader{\textquoteright} and the MFV {\textquoteleft}Edinburgh{\textquoteright} for logistic support and to Nigel Butcher and Andrew Asque for custo - misation of the IGotU loggers. Comments from anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. Funding Information: Acknowledgements. The Tristan Conservation Department (TCD) granted permission to carry out the work and provided essential assistance in the field. This study was funded by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, UK, the South African National Research Foundation, the Tristan da Cunha Government, BirdLife South Africa, Darwin Plus Overseas Territories Environment and Climate Fund (grant DPLUS 053), the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation, the FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, the South African Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries and the BAS/NERC Official Development Assistance Atlantic Islands Project (grant NE/ R000 107/1). We are grateful to the crews on the SA {\textquoteleft}Agulhas II{\textquoteright}, MFV {\textquoteleft}Baltic Trader{\textquoteright} and the MFV {\textquoteleft}Edinburgh{\textquoteright} for logistic support and to Nigel Butcher and Andrew Asque for custo - misation of the IGotU loggers. Comments from anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020. All Rights Reserved.",
year = "2020",
doi = "10.3354/ESR01076",
language = "English",
volume = "43",
pages = "409--420",
journal = "Endangered Species Research",
issn = "1863-5407",
publisher = "Inter-Research",
}