TY - JOUR
T1 - Immunological Determination of the Pharmaceutical Diclofenac in Environmental and Biological Samples
AU - Knopp, Dietmar
AU - Deng, Anping
AU - Letzel, Marion
AU - Taggart, Mark
AU - Himmelsbach, Markus
AU - Zhu, Qing-Zhi
AU - Peroebner, Iris
AU - Kudlak, Blazej
AU - Frey, Siegfried
AU - Sengl, Manfred
AU - Buchberger, Wolfgang
AU - Hutchinson, Clyde
AU - Cunningham, Andrew
AU - Pain, Debbie
AU - Cuthbert, Richard
AU - Raab, Andrea
AU - Meharg, Andrew
AU - Swan, Gerry
AU - Jhala, Yadvendradev
AU - Prakash, Vibhu
AU - Rahmani, Asad
AU - Quevedo, Miguel
AU - Niessner, Reinhard
PY - 2009/7/23
Y1 - 2009/7/23
N2 - A highly sensitive and specific competitive ELISA on 96-microwell plates was developed for the analysis of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac. Within the water cycle in Europe, this is one of the most frequently detected pharmaceutical active compounds. The LOD at a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 3, and the IC50 , were found to be 6 ng/L and 60 ng/L respectively in tap water. In a comparative study using ELISA and GC-MS, diclofenac levels in wastewater from 21 sewage treatment plants were determined and a good correlation between these methods was found (ELISA vs. GC-MS: r = 0.70, slope = 0.90, intercept = 0.37, n = 24). An average degradation rate of ≈25% can be calculated. Labscale-experiments on the elimination of diclofenac in continuous pilot sewage plants revealed a removal rate of only 5% over a period of 13 weeks. In a further study, the ELISA was applied to a number of extracts of various animal tissues from a range of species, and again a very good relationship between ELISA and LC-ESI/MS data sets was obtained (r = 0.90, p<0.0001; n = 117). The ELISA has proven to be a simple, rapid, reliable and affordable alternative to otherwise costly and advanced techniques for the detection of diclofenac in matrix diverse water samples and tissue extracts after only relatively simple sample preparation.
AB - A highly sensitive and specific competitive ELISA on 96-microwell plates was developed for the analysis of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac. Within the water cycle in Europe, this is one of the most frequently detected pharmaceutical active compounds. The LOD at a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 3, and the IC50 , were found to be 6 ng/L and 60 ng/L respectively in tap water. In a comparative study using ELISA and GC-MS, diclofenac levels in wastewater from 21 sewage treatment plants were determined and a good correlation between these methods was found (ELISA vs. GC-MS: r = 0.70, slope = 0.90, intercept = 0.37, n = 24). An average degradation rate of ≈25% can be calculated. Labscale-experiments on the elimination of diclofenac in continuous pilot sewage plants revealed a removal rate of only 5% over a period of 13 weeks. In a further study, the ELISA was applied to a number of extracts of various animal tissues from a range of species, and again a very good relationship between ELISA and LC-ESI/MS data sets was obtained (r = 0.90, p<0.0001; n = 117). The ELISA has proven to be a simple, rapid, reliable and affordable alternative to otherwise costly and advanced techniques for the detection of diclofenac in matrix diverse water samples and tissue extracts after only relatively simple sample preparation.
U2 - 10.1021/bk-2007-0966.ch013
DO - 10.1021/bk-2007-0966.ch013
M3 - Article
SN - 0097-6156
VL - 966
SP - 203
EP - 226
JO - Rational Environmental Management of Agrochemicals: Risk Assessment, Monitoring, and Remedial Action
JF - Rational Environmental Management of Agrochemicals: Risk Assessment, Monitoring, and Remedial Action
ER -
