TY - JOUR
T1 - Crowdsourcing, citizen sensing and sensor web technologies for public and environmental health surveillance and crisis management
T2 - trends, OGC standards and application examples
AU - Kamel Boulos, Maged N
AU - Resch, Bernd
AU - Crowley, David N
AU - Breslin, John G
AU - Sohn, Gunho
AU - Burtner, Russ
AU - Pike, William A
AU - Jezierski, Eduardo
AU - Chuang, Kuo-Yu Slayer
PY - 2011/12/21
Y1 - 2011/12/21
N2 - 'Wikification of GIS by the masses' is a phrase-term first coined by Kamel Boulos in 2005, two years earlier than Goodchild's term 'Volunteered Geographic Information'. Six years later (2005-2011), OpenStreetMap and Google Earth (GE) are now full-fledged, crowdsourced 'Wikipedias of the Earth' par excellence, with millions of users contributing their own layers to GE, attaching photos, videos, notes and even 3-D (three dimensional) models to locations in GE. From using Twitter in participatory sensing and bicycle-mounted sensors in pervasive environmental sensing, to creating a 100,000-sensor geo-mashup using Semantic Web technology, to the 3-D visualisation of indoor and outdoor surveillance data in real-time and the development of next-generation, collaborative natural user interfaces that will power the spatially-enabled public health and emergency situation rooms of the future, where sensor data and citizen reports can be triaged and acted upon in real-time by distributed teams of professionals, this paper offers a comprehensive state-of-the-art review of the overlapping domains of the Sensor Web, citizen sensing and 'human-in-the-loop sensing' in the era of the Mobile and Social Web, and the roles these domains can play in environmental and public health surveillance and crisis/disaster informatics. We provide an in-depth review of the key issues and trends in these areas, the challenges faced when reasoning and making decisions with real-time crowdsourced data (such as issues of information overload, "noise", misinformation, bias and trust), the core technologies and Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards involved (Sensor Web Enablement and Open GeoSMS), as well as a few outstanding project implementation examples from around the world.
AB - 'Wikification of GIS by the masses' is a phrase-term first coined by Kamel Boulos in 2005, two years earlier than Goodchild's term 'Volunteered Geographic Information'. Six years later (2005-2011), OpenStreetMap and Google Earth (GE) are now full-fledged, crowdsourced 'Wikipedias of the Earth' par excellence, with millions of users contributing their own layers to GE, attaching photos, videos, notes and even 3-D (three dimensional) models to locations in GE. From using Twitter in participatory sensing and bicycle-mounted sensors in pervasive environmental sensing, to creating a 100,000-sensor geo-mashup using Semantic Web technology, to the 3-D visualisation of indoor and outdoor surveillance data in real-time and the development of next-generation, collaborative natural user interfaces that will power the spatially-enabled public health and emergency situation rooms of the future, where sensor data and citizen reports can be triaged and acted upon in real-time by distributed teams of professionals, this paper offers a comprehensive state-of-the-art review of the overlapping domains of the Sensor Web, citizen sensing and 'human-in-the-loop sensing' in the era of the Mobile and Social Web, and the roles these domains can play in environmental and public health surveillance and crisis/disaster informatics. We provide an in-depth review of the key issues and trends in these areas, the challenges faced when reasoning and making decisions with real-time crowdsourced data (such as issues of information overload, "noise", misinformation, bias and trust), the core technologies and Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards involved (Sensor Web Enablement and Open GeoSMS), as well as a few outstanding project implementation examples from around the world.
KW - Algorithms
KW - Computer Simulation
KW - Computer Systems
KW - Crowding
KW - Data Collection
KW - Environmental Health
KW - Geographic Information Systems
KW - Global Health
KW - Great Britain
KW - Humans
KW - Imaging, Three-Dimensional
KW - Internet
KW - Knowledge
KW - Man-Machine Systems
KW - Medical Informatics
KW - Population Surveillance
KW - Public Health
KW - Social Media
KW - Software
U2 - 10.1186/1476-072X-10-67
DO - 10.1186/1476-072X-10-67
M3 - Article
C2 - 22188675
SN - 1476-072X
VL - 10
SP - 67
JO - International Journal of Health Geographics
JF - International Journal of Health Geographics
IS - 67
ER -