@article{33d4bf6a8469456ebadcfddda3415894,
title = "Benthic foraminiferal carbon cycling in coastal zone sediments: The influence of the assemblage structure and jellyfish detritus",
abstract = "Jellyfish carrion is an important carbon source to the benthic ecosystem that is expected to increase in some regions in the future, but its potential impact on sediment biochemical processes is not fully understood. Benthic foraminifera play important carbon processing roles in marine ecosystems but little is known about how they process carbon within fjords, or how jellyfish detritus on the sediment may affect this role. This study is the first to use 13C-labelled algae to quantify how jellyfish detritus may alter benthic foraminiferal microalgal-carbon uptake (C-uptake) from the inner to outer fjord. To assess potential mechanisms for variations in C-uptake, foraminiferal biomass, density, and assemblage composition, in addition to the sediment O2 dynamics and environmental parameters (e.g. sediment total organic carbon [TOC] content) were investigated. Benthic foraminiferal C-cycling strongly varied within the fjord with 20-times higher C-uptake rates at the inner-fjord location compared to the locations further outwards. This difference was likely caused by the higher foraminiferal biomass and relative abundances of Bulimina marginata and Nonionella turgida at the inner location. Strong differences in foraminiferal assemblage structure amongst the locations were not explained by major differences in the investigated environmental parameters. Changes in sediment O2 dynamics suggested that jellyfish detritus obstructed O2 diffusion into the sediment. A potential effect of these changes on the C-uptake was only observed at the inner location, indicating the effect of jellyfish detritus on foraminiferal C-uptake rates was little and dependent on the benthic foraminiferal assemblage composition (e.g. the presence of B. marginata). This suggests that the areas in coastal zones where the highest amounts of organic carbon are being processed may also be the most sensitive to changes in the sediment O2 dynamics, which would make them vulnerable to changes in riverine input and anthropogenic organic carbon enrichment.",
keywords = "Benthic foraminiferal carbon uptake, Fjord-to-coast gradient, Jellyfish-detritus, Northern Norway, Sediment O dynamics, Sediment organic geochemistry",
author = "Klootwijk, {Anouk T.} and Sweetman, {Andrew K.} and Silvia Hess and Elisabeth Alve and Dunlop, {Kathrine M.} and Renaud, {Paul E.}",
note = "Funding Information: Andrew K. Sweetman and Paul E. Renaud reports financial support was provided by Research Council of Norway. Paul E. Renaud reports financial support was provided by The Fram Centre.We would like to thank Anne-Katrin Enge, Hidetaka Nomaki, Alessio Gomiero, Petra Heinz and Bente Edvardsen for their help culturing the algae and foraminifera sample processing; Raul Primicerio and Mark Greenacre for their help with the statistical analyses; Dirk Linke for the use of his equipment; Raul Wolf, Boris Berkhout, Marco Brustolin, and Alexandr Lubin for their support in R-data programming; Mischa Seas for his mathematical support; Carl Ballantine, Hector Andrade, Katja Guilini, Hege V?gen and Marta Cecchetto for their assistance during the experiment; Peter van Breugel for performing the stable isotope analyses; Angelika Renner and Elizabeth Jones for sharing their hydrocast data; Captain Leif Arne Isaksen and crew of the Rolf-Tore; and the crew from Research and Innovation Station in Kraknes for technical support. We would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers and Editor-in-Chief Mike Elliot for their valuable comments on a previous version of the manuscript. This project was partly funded by the Research Council of Norway (?JellyFarm? project: RCN#244572), and the Fjord and Coast Flagship of Fram Centre for Climate and the Environment (?EFFECTS' project). Funding Information: We would like to thank Anne-Katrin Enge, Hidetaka Nomaki, Alessio Gomiero, Petra Heinz and Bente Edvardsen for their help culturing the algae and foraminifera sample processing; Raul Primicerio and Mark Greenacre for their help with the statistical analyses; Dirk Linke for the use of his equipment; Raul Wolf, Boris Berkhout, Marco Brustolin, and Alexandr Lubin for their support in R-data programming; Mischa Seas for his mathematical support; Carl Ballantine, Hector Andrade, Katja Guilini, Hege V{\aa}gen and Marta Cecchetto for their assistance during the experiment; Peter van Breugel for performing the stable isotope analyses; Angelika Renner and Elizabeth Jones for sharing their hydrocast data; Captain Leif Arne Isaksen and crew of the Rolf-Tore; and the crew from Research and Innovation Station in Kraknes for technical support. We would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers and Editor-in-Chief Mike Elliot for their valuable comments on a previous version of the manuscript. This project was partly funded by the Research Council of Norway ({\textquoteleft}JellyFarm{\textquoteright} project: RCN#244572 ), and the Fjord and Coast Flagship of Fram Centre for Climate and the Environment ({\textquoteleft}EFFECTS' project) . Funding Information: Andrew K. Sweetman and Paul E. Renaud reports financial support was provided by Research Council of Norway . Paul E. Renaud reports financial support was provided by The Fram Centre. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Authors",
year = "2021",
month = oct,
day = "31",
doi = "10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107535",
language = "English",
volume = "261",
journal = "Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science",
issn = "0272-7714",
publisher = "Academic Press Inc.",
}