TY - JOUR
T1 - A brief overview of current approaches for underwater sound analysis and reporting
AU - van Geel, Nienke
AU - Risch, Denise
AU - Wittich, Anja
N1 - © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY licens
PY - 2022/4/22
Y1 - 2022/4/22
N2 - Soundscapes have substantially changed since the industrial revolution and in response to biodiversity loss and climate change. Human activities such as shipping, resource exploration and offshore construction alter natural ecosystems through sound, which can impact marine species in complex ways. The study of underwater sound is multi-disciplinary, spanning the fields of acoustics, physics, animal physiology and behaviour to marine ecology and conservation. These different backgrounds have led to the use of various disparate terms, metrics, and summary statistics, which can hamper comparisons between studies. Different types of equipment, analytical pathways, and reporting can lead to different results for the same sound source, with implications for impact assessments. For meaningful comparisons and derivation of appropriate thresholds, mitigation, and management approaches, it is necessary to develop common standards. This paper presents a brief overview of acoustic metrics, analysis approaches and reporting standards used in the context of long-term monitoring of soundscapes.
AB - Soundscapes have substantially changed since the industrial revolution and in response to biodiversity loss and climate change. Human activities such as shipping, resource exploration and offshore construction alter natural ecosystems through sound, which can impact marine species in complex ways. The study of underwater sound is multi-disciplinary, spanning the fields of acoustics, physics, animal physiology and behaviour to marine ecology and conservation. These different backgrounds have led to the use of various disparate terms, metrics, and summary statistics, which can hamper comparisons between studies. Different types of equipment, analytical pathways, and reporting can lead to different results for the same sound source, with implications for impact assessments. For meaningful comparisons and derivation of appropriate thresholds, mitigation, and management approaches, it is necessary to develop common standards. This paper presents a brief overview of acoustic metrics, analysis approaches and reporting standards used in the context of long-term monitoring of soundscapes.
KW - Acoustic monitoring
KW - Metrics
KW - Sound level reporting
KW - Noise impacts
KW - Standards
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113610
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113610
M3 - Article
SN - 0025-326X
VL - 178
JO - Marine Pollution Bulletin
JF - Marine Pollution Bulletin
M1 - 113610
ER -